The Acoustic Guitar: An Overview

An acoustic guitar is one that relies solely on acousticcontinues to evolve according to the popular music of
methods to project the sound produced by its strings.the day
Interestingly, the term "acoustic guitar" was not coinedToday, acoustic guitars actually fall into two categories,
until the invention of the electric guitar made itthose with steel strings and those with nylon strings;
necessary to differentiate between the two. Mostand within these two categories, there are a variety of
people are familiar with the appearance of an acousticsubcategories. Those guitars with nylon strings include
guitar. Made of wood, hollow, and usually possessingthe Renaissance, Baroque, Romantic, Classical
six strings stretched over a "sound hole" on its face, an(considered the modern version of the original guitar),
acoustic guitar is the image that many peopleand Flamenco guitars. Those with steel strings include
associate with the word "guitar."the Resonator, Archtop, Battente, Lap steel, Lyre,
Instruments related to what we would call a guitartwelve string, and basic steel-string guitars. Not
have been in existence for at least 5,000 years. Assurprisingly, considering the variety of instruments within
best we can tell, the guitar seems to have evolvedeach category, acoustic guitars can be used in many
from an instrument called the cithara (lat.), which wasdifferent kinds of music, from country, to rock, to jazz.
used in ancient central Asia. While it may have beenIndeed, both historically and in modern times, acoustic
widely used for thousands of years, there is little hardguitars are much more varied in their design and
evidence of its use until the Middle Ages. At that time,construction than their electric cousins.
guitars with three, four, and five strings are known toNo matter the category, all acoustic guitars rely on a
have existed and been popular.soundboard and a resonant cavity to produce a
By the time of the Renaissance, which began in thediscernable sound. The body of a guitar is hollow.
14th century, the instrument was firmly establishedWhen the strings stretched over the sound hole are
enough to warrant its own name, this being thecaused to vibrate, they pass that vibration on to the
Renaissance guitar. This guitar, sometimes called asoundboard. Because the soundboard possesses a
gittern, was carved from a single piece of wood, hadlarger surface area, it displaces a larger volume of air.
four strings, and was noticeably smaller than theThe result is a louder sound than can be produced by
guitars of today. After the end of the Renaissance, thethe strings alone. This sound is then increased once
guitar continued to be a popular musical instrument.again by the resonant cavity, or the hollow space
The classic appearance with which we are familiarwithin the guitar. At no time is any external energy or
was created by Antonio Torres Jurado in the middleequipment used to increase the sound produced by an
of the 19th century. However, as evinced by theacoustic guitar, which is, of course, what makes it
plethora of instrument styles available today, the guitarfundamentally different from an electric guitar.